The Meaning of Happiness

(The following is adapted from Goenkaji’s address "Is This All There Is? The Meaning of Happiness" at the World Economic Forum, Davos on 31 January 2000.)

 

Every person who is attending this Forum is among a unique group of people on our planet. They are generally among the wealthiest, most powerful most accomplished individuals in the world. Even being invited to attend the World Economic Forum is recognition of the eminent status that each participant has reached among his or her peers. When someone has all the wealth, power and status that anyone could ever want, are they necessarily happy? Are all these accomplishments and the self-satisfaction they bring ‘all there is’? Or is there some greater degree of happiness, which it is possible to achieve?

 

Happiness is an ephemeral condition. It is rapidly fleeting; here one moment and gone the next. One day when all is going well with your business, your bank account and your family, there is happiness. But what happens when something unwanted happens? When something entirely out of your control happens to disturb your happiness and harmony?

 

Every person in the world, regardless of their power and position, will experience periods during which circumstances arise that are out of their control and not to their liking. It may be the discovery that you have a fatal disease; it may be the illness or death of a near and dear one; it may be a divorce or the discovery that a spouse is cheating on you. For people addicted to success in life, it may simply be a failure at something: a bad business decision, your company being acquired and the resultant loss of your job, losing a political election, someone else getting the promotion that you wanted, or your child running away from home or rebelling and rejecting all the values that you hold dear. Regardless of how much wealth, prestige and power you may have, such unwanted events and failures generally create great misery.

 

Next comes the question: how to deal with these periods of unhappiness, which spoil an otherwise ideal life? Such periods are bound to come in even the most charmed life. Do you behave in a balanced and equanimous manner or do you react with aversion towards the misery that you are experiencing? Do you crave for the return of your happiness? Moreover, when you becomes addicted to happiness and to everything always going the way you want, the misery when things do not go your way becomes even greater. In fact, it becomes unbearable. It often makes us resort to alcohol to cope with these situations of disappointment and depression, and to take sleeping pills in order to obtain the rest we need to keep going. All the while we tell the outside world and ourselves that we are sublimely happy because of our wealth, power and position.

 

I come from a business family and was an entrepreneur and businessman from a very early age. I built sugar mills, weaving mills and blanket factories and established import-export firms with offices all over the world. In the process, I made a lot of money. However, I also vividly remember how I reacted to events in my business and my personal life during those years. Every night, if I had failed to be successful in a business transaction during the day, I would lie awake for hours and try to figure out what had gone wrong and what I should do the next time. Even if I had accomplished a great success that day I would lie awake and relish my accomplishment. While I experienced success, this was neither happiness nor peace of mind. I found that peace was very closely related to happiness and I frequently had neither, regardless of my money and status as a leader in the community.

 

I remember a favourite poem of mine related to this subject.

 

It is easy enough to be pleasant;
When life flows like a sweet song.
But the man worthwhile,
Is the one who can smile,
When things go dead wrong.

 

How each one of us copes with these periods of things going ‘dead wrong’ is a major component of the ‘meaning of happiness’, regardless of our money, power and prestige.

 

It is a basic human need that everyone wants to live a happy life. For this, one has to experience real happiness. The so-called happiness that one experiences by having money, power, and indulging in sensual pleasures is not real happiness. It is very fragile, unstable and fleeting. For real happiness, for lasting stable happiness, one has to make a journey deep within oneself and get rid of all the unhappiness stored in the deeper levels of the mind. As long as there is misery at the depth of the mind all attempts to feel happy at the surface level of the mind prove futile.

 

This stock of unhappiness at the depth of the mind keeps on multiplying as long as one keeps generating negativities such as anger, hatred, illwill, and animosity. The law of nature is such that as soon as one generates negativity, unhappiness arises simultaneously. It is impossible to feel happy and peaceful when one is generating negativity in the mind. Peace and negativity cannot coexist just as light and darkness cannot coexist. There is a systematic scientific exercise developed by a great super-scientist of my ancient country by which one can explore the truth pertaining to the mind-body phenomenon at the experiential level. This technique is called Vipassana, which means observing the reality objectively, as it is.

 

The technique helps one to develop the faculty of feeling and understanding the interaction of mind and matter within one's own physical structure. The technique of Vipassana involves the basic law of nature that whenever any defilement arises in the mind, simultaneously, two things start happening at the physical level. One is that the breath loses its normal rhythm. I start breathing hard whenever a negativity arises in the mind. This is a very gross and apparent reality that everyone can experience. At the same time, at a subtler level, a biochemical reaction starts within the body: I experience a physical sensation on the body. Every defilement generates some sensation or the other in some part of the body.

 

This is a practical solution. An ordinary person cannot observe abstract defilements of the mind: abstract fear, anger or passion. But with proper training and practice, it is very easy to observe the respiration and the sensations, both of which are directly related to the mental defilements.

 

The respiration and the sensations will help in two ways. First, as soon as a defilement starts in the mind, the breath loses its normal rhythm. It will start shouting: ‘Look, something has gone wrong!’ Similarly, the sensations tell me: ‘Something has gone wrong.’ I must accept this. Then, having been warned, I start observing the respiration, the sensations, and I find that the defilement soon passes away.

 

This mental-physical phenomenon is like a coin with two sides. On the one side are the thoughts or emotions that arise in the mind. On the other side are the respiration and sensations in the body. Every thought or emotion, conscious or unconscious, every mental defilement manifests in the breath and sensation of that moment. Thus by observing the respiration or sensation, one is indirectly observing the mental defilement. Instead of running away from the problem, you are facing reality as it is. Then you find that the defilement loses its strength; it can no longer overpower you as it did in the past. If you persist, the defilement eventually disappears altogether and you remain peaceful and happy.

 

In this way, the technique of self-observation shows us reality in its two aspects: outside and inside. Previously, one always looked outside with open eyes, missing the inner truth. Human beings have always looked outside for the cause of their unhappiness. They have always blamed and tried to change the reality outside. Being ignorant of the inner reality, they never understood that the cause of suffering lies within, in their own blind reactions.

 

The more one practices this technique, the quicker one can come out of negativities. Gradually the mind becomes freed of defilements; it becomes pure. A pure mind is always full of love, detached love for all others; full of compassion for the failings and sufferings of others; full of joy at their success and happiness; full of equanimity in the face of any situation.

 

When one reaches this stage, then the entire pattern of one's life starts changing. It is no longer possible for one to do anything vocally or physically that will disturb the peace and happiness of others. Instead, the balanced mind not only becomes peaceful, it helps others to become peaceful also. The atmosphere surrounding such a person will become permeated with peace, harmony and real happiness, which also starts affecting others.

 

This direct experience of reality within oneself, this technique of self-observation, is called Vipassana and it is a simple direct way to leading a truly happy life.

 

There are different components of living a happy life. Several of these are relevant to the group of people attending the Forum. When you have all the money and possessions you could ever want, how can you really enjoy those blessings when millions of people in the world are unsure of their next meal. While there is absolutely nothing wrong with earning money to provide for yourself, your family and all those that depend upon you, you must also give back to society. You are obtaining your wealth from society, so you must give something back. The attitude must be: ‘I am earning for myself but I am also earning for others.’

 

Another aspect of happiness in business is to be sure that whatever you do to earn your money does not hurt or harm others. This is a big responsibility. Money earned at the expense of the peace and happiness of other fellow human beings will never bring happiness to you. Real happiness is not possessions or accomplishments or wealth or power. It is a state of inner being that comes from a pure and peaceful mind. Vipassana is a tool that helps everyone achieve that state.

 

Goenkaji's Discourses on Zee TV

Goenkaji’s series of 44 discourses in Hindi are being broadcast on Zee TV every Monday from 7:00 to 7:30 a.m.

Goenkaji's Dhamma Tour

Tour of U.K. and U.S.A.

Goenkaji will be visiting the United Kingdom from 11 to 15 August and the United States from 16 August to 7 September 2000. His stay will include visits to centers in England, Texas, California and Massachusetts, with public appearances and media interviews planned in many cities including London, Dallas, Chicago, Fresno, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York and Boston.

 

Millennium World Peace Summit:

The primary purpose of Goenkaji’s visit is to participate in the Millennium World Peace Summit, to take place at the United Nations headquarters in New York from 28 to 31 August 2000 (http://www.millenniumpeacesummit.com). This gathering, the first of its kind, will unite several hundred of the world’s pre-eminent spiritual and religious leaders to pledge a commitment for the achievement of world peace. In inviting Goenkaji to attend, the Secretary of the World Peace Summit wrote: "This summit … will unite spiritual leaders as interfaith allies of the United Nations in its quest for peace and global understanding…. Sessions will be broadcast live on CNN and on the Internet so that these messages of hope can reach many tens of millions of people around the world."

 

For more detailed information, refer to the Vipassana International website <www.dhamma.org/os>

Tour of South India and Nagpur

Hyderabad: Dhamma Khetta, Vipassana International Meditation Centre, the first Vipassana centre to be established in India is celebrating its Silver Jubilee this year. Goenkaji will be visiting Hyderabad from 19 to 26 September 2000 as a State Guest of the government of Andhra Pradesh. He will be addressing the State Assembly as well as business and educational institutions.

 

Goenkaji’s itinerary:

September 19: Goenkaji will give Vipassana to ten-day students

September 20: (4:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.) Public Talk on "Dhamma in Governance" in English at Lalita Kala Toranam. After the talk, Goenkaji and the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Mr Chandra Babu Naidu, will give a press conference at 6:00 p.m.

September 21: (6:00 to 7:30 p.m.) Public Talk on "Dhamma in Business" in English at Lalita Kala Toranam.

September 22: (4:00 to 5:30 p.m.) Public Talk on "Dhamma in Education" in English at Osmania University.

September 23: (6:00 to 7:30 p.m.) Public Talk on "What is Dhamma" in Hindi at Lalita Kala Toranam.

September 24: (6:00 to 7:30 p.m.) Public Talk on "Dhamma in Life" in English at Lalita Kala Toranam.

September 25: Monday: 9:00 a.m. Mettā to ten-day course students.

September 26: Goenkaji will leave for Bangalore in the morning.

Bangalore:: Goenkaji will attend various programmes from September 26 to 28.

Chennai: Goenkaji will attend various programmes in Chennai from September 29 to October 2.

September 28: Lecture in Government or in Madras Central Jail for Jail officials and prisoners.

September 29: (9.00 a.m. to 10 a.m.) Group meditation followed by Question-Answer session.

(5:00 to 6:00 p.m.) Group meditation at Music Academy, 306, T.T.K. Road, Chennai.

(6:00 to 7:40 p.m.) Public talk on "Dhamma in Life" in English followed by Question-Answer session.

(7:45 to 8:15 p.m.) Press Conference.

September 30: (9:00 to 10:00 a.m.) Meeting with Teachers and trustees.

(4:00 to 5.00 p.m.) Meditation at DAV School.

(5:00 to 6:30 p.m.) Public Talk on "Dhamma in Education" followed by Question-Answer session.

October 1: (10:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon) Meeting with Teachers, trustees and Dhamma servers from Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

(5:00 to 6:00 p.m.) Group meditation at Music Academy.

(6:00 to 7:00 p.m.) Public Talk on "Dhamma in Business" in Hindi followed by Question-Answer session.

October 2: (11:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon). Meeting with meditators.

(4:00 to 5:00 p.m.) Group meditation at Apollo Hospital.

(5:00 to 6:30 p.m.) Public talk on "Vipassana Meditation for Good Health" in English followed by Question-Answer session.

Nagpur: Goenkaji will be in Nagpur from October 3 to 10. His tentative programme is as follows:

October 3: (5.30 to 6.30 p.m.) Press Conference at Dhamma Nāga, Nagpur Vipassana centre.

October 4: (9:30 to 11:00 a.m.) Group sitting and mettā at Sugatanagar.

(6:00 to 7:00 p.m.) Public talk in Hindi-1 at University Ground.

October 5: (9:15 to 11:00 a.m.) Vipassana for ten-day course students at Dhamma Nāga.

(6:00 to 7:00 p.m.) Public talk in Hindi-2 at University Ground.

October 6: (9:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon) Group meditation and mettā at Dragon Palace Temple. Goenkaji will come around 10:30 a.m. to give mettā and then meet students.

(6:00 to 7:00 p.m.) Public Discourse in Hindi-3 at University Ground.

October 7: (10.30 to 11.30 a.m.) Mettā for ten-day course students at Nagpur Central Prison.

(5:00 to 6:30 p.m.) Discourse for all inmates of Nagpur Central Jail followed by question-answer session.

October 8: (11:00 to 11:30 a.m.) Public discourse in English for invitees at Deshpande Hall.

(4:00 to 5:00 p.m.) Meditation with old students at University Ground. Goenkaji may come at the end of the group sitting.

(5:00 to 7:00 p.m.) Discourse to old students followed by question-answer session.

October 9: (10:00 a.m. to 12 noon : Meeting with various centre and non-centre organisations at Dhamma Nāga

(5:00 to 6:00 p.m.) Visit to Dikshabhumi Chaitya. Departure for Mumbai.

For exact details of Goenkaji’s itinerary, please contact the respective centres or visit Dhamma Giri website <www.vri.dhamma.org>

On the auspicious occasion of its silver jubilee, Dhamma Khetta is publishing a 250-page souvenir with articles on Vipassana in English, Hindi and Telugu. The advertisement tariff is Rs 5000/- for full page. Those wishing to advertise in the Souvenir may contact Vipassana Prachar Samiti, Gandhi Darshan Building (Exhibition Grounds), Hyderabad 500 001.

Tel: (040) 473 2569, 657 2569; Fax: (040) 461 3941;

e-mail: vimc@hyderabademail.com

Sayagyi U Ba Khin Centenary Projects

Vipassana Pagoda: It has been decided to build the Grand Vipassana Pagoda in stone with lime-surkhi-sand mortar. The work of excavation for foundations for the Pagoda structure costing about Rs 45 lakhs is in progress. Tenders has been called for the foundation masonry, retaining walls, underground water tank and administration building (total cost: Rs 2.50 crores). Detailed designs and estimates for the superstructure of the main Pagoda and small pagoda are in hand.

 

Dhamma Tapovana: The historic inaugural course at Dhamma Tapovana was successfully conducted for 36 old male students from 26 July to 6 August 2000. The first phase of construction of Dhamma Tapovana is complete: meditation hall, dining hall and 50 self-contained rooms and meditation cells have been built. Ten-day courses will continue to be conducted for serious old students until October 30. It is likely that some of the students taking part in the Teacher’s self course this year will meditate at Dhamma Tapovana. From 2001, Dhamma Tapovana may be used exclusively for long courses.

 

Sayagyi U Ba Khin Village: Under the benevolent shadow of Dhamma Giri, the Sayagyi U Ba Khin is taking shape as a fitting tribute to his centenary year. Meditators get the unique opportunity to reside in a Dhamma atmosphere. Out of the planned 40 bungalows, 20 bungalows will be constructed in the first phase. Fifteen plints have been completed. The casting of roofs of six bungalows is expected to be ready by the end of September. The construction of one bungalow is almost complete. Nineteen bungalows have already been booked so far. For more details, please contact <dhamma@vsnl.com>

A.T. Training Workshop

A special workshop for assistant teachers (ATs) wanting to improve their knowledge of English was held at Ahmedabad from 1 to 5 May 2000. Workshop sessions alternated with group meditation. Nearly 100 pages of material was supplied to each participant. Thirty assistant teachers from different parts of India gained much benefit from this workshop. The next workshop for ATs will be at Dhamma Giri from 4 to 15 October 2000.

Teachers' Training and Pali Institute

Goenkaji has approved the setting up of a full-fledged institute for the training of assistant teachers, trustees and Dhamma servers on the land adjoining Dhamma Salila, Dehradun Vipassana centre. Pali will also be taught here with the help of modern tools. The Institute is likely to start functioning from April 2001. At a later stage, research work will also be taken up to supplement the activities of Vipassana Research Institute at Dhamma Giri.

Course Registration Cancellations

At recent courses, both at Dhamma Giri and at other centres, students registered for courses have failed to show up and have not informed course organisers of their cancellations. Other students wishing to attend have been turned away as a result of apparently full registration. Further, since many factors depend on the number of students registered: amount of food to be ordered, number of workers needed, size of site, etc., the task of organizing courses becomes more difficult. Therefore, all students are requested to reconfirm their booking before the start of the course and inform course organisers even at the last minute if they are unable to attend the course.

Old students recommending others for Vipassana courses should ensure that applicants follow the above guidelines.

Translation into South Indian Languages

There is increasing demand for Vipassana courses in South India. There is an urgent need for meditators who can translate VRI books like ‘The Art of Living’ and ‘Discourse Summaries’ into Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. Those wanting to help in this Dhamma project may contact Shri S. Adaviyappaji, at Dhamma Giri, Igatpuri-422 402, Tel: (02553) 84076, Fax: 84176; e-mail: <dhamma@vsnl.com> giving details such as their age, address, occupation, education, number of courses completed etc. One translated chapter of ‘The Art of Living’ or ‘Discourse Summaries’ may be sent as sample.

New Responsibilities

Ācāryas:

Mrs Usha Modak

To serve Dhammānanda (Pune), Dhammālaya (Kolhapur) and Goa

Mr John & Mrs Gail Beary

To serve Dhamma Bhānu (Japan), Dhamma Kamala & Dhamma Ābhā (Thailand), Indonesia and Korea

Mr Barry & Mrs Kate Lapping

To serve Dhamma Dharā (Massachussets), Vietnam and Archives

 

Senior Assistant Teacher:

Mr Radhakrishna Ghattu

subscription to english/hindi monthly newsletter: annual: rs 20/- (u.s. $10/- outside india); life subscription: rs 250/- (u.s. $100/- outside india) by bank draft, payable at igatpuri in favour of VRI.